See -ko- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-ko-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ko-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ko-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ko-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-ko-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-ko-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "laulaa (“he/she sings”) + -ko- → laulakoon (“may he/she sing”)"
},
{
"text": "hankkii (“he/she acquires”) + -ko- → hankkikoon (“may he/she acquire”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marker of imperative mood in verbs in the third person, first-person plural and second-person plural."
],
"id": "en--ko--fi-interfix-zo2JiGDN",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ko-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
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"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-ko-",
"name": "head"
}
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"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "infix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"infixed form of -ko (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ku locative class|ku class_((XVII))]] relative marker, where”)"
],
"id": "en--ko--sw-infix-mC26LEKk",
"links": [
[
"-ko",
"-ko#Swahili"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "a-"
},
{
"word": "yu-"
},
{
"word": "ha-"
},
{
"word": "hayu-"
},
{
"word": "-m-"
},
{
"word": "-mw-"
},
{
"word": "-mu-"
},
{
"word": "-ye"
},
{
"word": "wa-"
},
{
"word": "hawa-"
},
{
"word": "-wa-"
},
{
"word": "-o"
},
{
"word": "u-"
},
{
"word": "hau-"
},
{
"word": "-u-"
},
{
"word": "i-"
},
{
"word": "hai-"
},
{
"word": "-i-"
},
{
"word": "-yo"
},
{
"word": "li-"
},
{
"word": "hali-"
},
{
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"word": "-lo"
},
{
"word": "ya-"
},
{
"word": "haya-"
},
{
"word": "-ya-"
},
{
"word": "ki-"
},
{
"word": "haki-"
},
{
"word": "-ki-"
},
{
"word": "-cho"
},
{
"word": "vi-"
},
{
"word": "havi-"
},
{
"word": "-vi-"
},
{
"word": "-vyo"
},
{
"word": "zi-"
},
{
"word": "hazi-"
},
{
"word": "-zi-"
},
{
"word": "-zo"
},
{
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"word": "haku-"
},
{
"word": "-ku-"
},
{
"word": "-ko"
},
{
"word": "pa-"
},
{
"word": "hapa-"
},
{
"word": "-pa-"
},
{
"word": "-po"
},
{
"word": "m-"
},
{
"word": "mw-"
},
{
"word": "mu-"
},
{
"word": "ham-"
},
{
"word": "hamw-"
},
{
"word": "hamu-"
},
{
"word": "-mo"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ko-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"word": "-ku"
},
{
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"word": "-gu"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "-koon"
},
{
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"word": "-koo"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "-gõ"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "-g"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "-õg"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "-kkõ"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "-kõ"
},
{
"lang": "Võro",
"lang_code": "vro",
"word": "-kuq/-guq"
},
{
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"word": "-ko/-go"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-k",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-k#Proto-Finnic:_verb_ending"
],
[
"*-ka-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ka-"
]
],
"etymology_text": "Probably related to *-k ~ *-ka- (imperative ending). The exact morphology remains unclear, however.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "*-ko-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ko-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Imperative?/jussive?/optative? mood marker in the third person."
],
"id": "en--ko--urj-fin-pro-infix-Bmsf-ecr",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ka-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ko-"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-ko-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ko-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ko-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ko-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-ko-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-ko-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish interfixes",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish links with redundant target parameters",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "laulaa (“he/she sings”) + -ko- → laulakoon (“may he/she sing”)"
},
{
"text": "hankkii (“he/she acquires”) + -ko- → hankkikoon (“may he/she acquire”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marker of imperative mood in verbs in the third person, first-person plural and second-person plural."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ko-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"word": "-ku"
},
{
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"word": "-gu"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "-koon"
},
{
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"word": "-koo"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "-gõ"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "-g"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "-õg"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "-kkõ"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "-kõ"
},
{
"lang": "Võro",
"lang_code": "vro",
"word": "-kuq/-guq"
},
{
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"word": "-ko/-go"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-k",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-k#Proto-Finnic:_verb_ending"
],
[
"*-ka-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ka-"
]
],
"etymology_text": "Probably related to *-k ~ *-ka- (imperative ending). The exact morphology remains unclear, however.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "*-ko-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ko-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic infixes",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"Imperative?/jussive?/optative? mood marker in the third person."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ka-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ko-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-ko-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "infix",
"related": [
{
"word": "a-"
},
{
"word": "yu-"
},
{
"word": "ha-"
},
{
"word": "hayu-"
},
{
"word": "-m-"
},
{
"word": "-mw-"
},
{
"word": "-mu-"
},
{
"word": "-ye"
},
{
"word": "wa-"
},
{
"word": "hawa-"
},
{
"word": "-wa-"
},
{
"word": "-o"
},
{
"word": "u-"
},
{
"word": "hau-"
},
{
"word": "-u-"
},
{
"word": "i-"
},
{
"word": "hai-"
},
{
"word": "-i-"
},
{
"word": "-yo"
},
{
"word": "li-"
},
{
"word": "hali-"
},
{
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"word": "-lo"
},
{
"word": "ya-"
},
{
"word": "haya-"
},
{
"word": "-ya-"
},
{
"word": "ki-"
},
{
"word": "haki-"
},
{
"word": "-ki-"
},
{
"word": "-cho"
},
{
"word": "vi-"
},
{
"word": "havi-"
},
{
"word": "-vi-"
},
{
"word": "-vyo"
},
{
"word": "zi-"
},
{
"word": "hazi-"
},
{
"word": "-zi-"
},
{
"word": "-zo"
},
{
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"word": "haku-"
},
{
"word": "-ku-"
},
{
"word": "-ko"
},
{
"word": "pa-"
},
{
"word": "hapa-"
},
{
"word": "-pa-"
},
{
"word": "-po"
},
{
"word": "m-"
},
{
"word": "mw-"
},
{
"word": "mu-"
},
{
"word": "ham-"
},
{
"word": "hamw-"
},
{
"word": "hamu-"
},
{
"word": "-mo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili infixes",
"Swahili lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"infixed form of -ko (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ku locative class|ku class_((XVII))]] relative marker, where”)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ko",
"-ko#Swahili"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ko-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ko- meaning in All languages combined (4.1kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1412",
"msg": "gloss may contain unhandled list items: infixed form of -ko (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ku locative class|ku class_((XVII))]] relative marker, where”)",
"path": [
"-ko-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "infix",
"title": "-ko-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.